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The origins of chess are a point of contention, and there is no clear consensus on its origins, let alone the history of chess from the beginning to the present. Some claim that chess and its board originated in Ancient Egypt or Dynastic China, but the most widely accepted origin is that it initially appeared in India about the 6th century, when it was known as Chaturanga.

It later made its way to Persia, where its name was changed to Xatranje, and it most likely had other regulations as well. It took around 500 years for Xatranje to come to resemble the chess we know today as it steadily moved over Europe. In the year 1475, the game was formalised with the current rules, and its name was changed to chess, but it took another few hundred years for Europe to play with the most contemporary pieces and rules.

Since chaturanga times, the pieces' appearance has fluctuated between basic and elaborate. Before 600 CE, simple designs evolved into figurative sets representing animals, soldiers, and noblemen. However, because to the Islamic prohibition of depictions of living beings, Muslim sets from the 9th to 12th century were frequently nonrepresentational and fashioned of basic clay or carved stone. The reintroduction to simpler, symbolic shatranj pieces is thought to have boosted the game's popularity by making sets easier to put together and diverting focus away from the complicated pieces to the game itself.

With the advent of the queen in approximately 1500, chess began to separate the sexes. Chess evolved into a lot faster, more exciting game, and as a result, it became associated with a more male activity. In the nineteenth century, women were frequently prohibited from chess groups that formed in coffeehouses and pubs.

By the middle of the century, however, women players had distinguished themselves from men. In the Netherlands, the first women's chess clubs were established in 1847. The ABC of Chess, by 'A Lady' (H.I. Cooke), was the first chess book written by a woman, and it was published in England in 1860 and went through ten editions. The Sussex Chess Association sponsored the inaugural women's event in 1884.